From: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com (hist_text-digest) To: hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com Subject: hist_text-digest V1 #769 Reply-To: hist_text Sender: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com Errors-To: owner-hist_text-digest@lists.xmission.com Precedence: bulk hist_text-digest Wednesday, March 21 2001 Volume 01 : Number 769 In this issue: -       Re: MtMan-List: Orthotics in moccasins -       Re: MtMan-List: Metis on the upper Missouri -       MtMan-List: Re: Chewing hides -       MtMan-List: L&C plant specimens -       MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts -       RE: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts -       Re: MtMan-List: Antoine Leroux -       Re: MtMan-List: Metis on the upper Missouri -       MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP -       MtMan-List: metis flag -       MtMan-List: pemmican,bannock, dry meat metis tradi. foods -       Re: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts -       Re: MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP -       Re: MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP -       Re: MtMan-List: New Arthur A. Clark Book ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 09:08:30 EST From: CTOAKES@aol.com Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Orthotics in moccasins - --part1_65.1162049f.27e76cde_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 3/16/01 7:04:51 PM Eastern Standard Time, chrissega1@yahoo.com writes: > them in side seams or pucker toes, as the > orthotics are hard plastic and wear through thin > leather easily. I have extremely high arch and can not wear mocs without an arch support. I cut out an insole of thick leather (shoe sole blanks) put it in the moc with an arch support on top of that and then a light weight leather insole to cover the arch support. As long as the moc is built to accomodate the extra it works well and also keeps my city/desk jockey tender feet from getting stone brused on the trail. But I must admit that in most cases I rely on period correct shoes (Fagawee) and boots. Even easier on my feet and they last so many more miles then mocs. Y.M.O.S. C.T. Oakes - --part1_65.1162049f.27e76cde_boundary Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit In a message dated 3/16/01 7:04:51 PM Eastern Standard Time,
chrissega1@yahoo.com writes:


them in side seams or pucker toes, as the
orthotics are hard plastic and wear through thin
leather easily.  


I have extremely high arch and can not wear mocs without an arch support.  I
cut out an insole of thick leather (shoe sole blanks) put it in the moc with
an arch support on top of that and then a light weight leather insole to
cover the arch support.  As long as the moc is built to accomodate the extra
it works well and also keeps my city/desk jockey tender feet from getting
stone brused on the trail.  

But I must admit that in most cases I rely on period correct shoes (Fagawee)
and boots.  Even easier on my feet and they last so many more miles then mocs.

Y.M.O.S.

C.T. Oakes - --part1_65.1162049f.27e76cde_boundary-- - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 07:31:33 -0700 From: Angela Gottfred Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Metis on the upper Missouri "Larry Huber" wrote: >the Minnesota Historical Society Press is >republishing "The New Peoples, Being and Becoming Metis in North American" >by historians Jacqueline Peterson & Jennifer Brown. I would second Larry's hearty endorsement--this is an excellent book for anyone even slightly interested in the subject. The pictures alone are a real eye-opener. Actually, I'd endorse anything associated with Jennifer S.H. Brown, sight unseen--she does excellent work. Your humble & obedient servant, Angela Gottfred - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 07:28:49 -0700 From: Angela Gottfred Subject: MtMan-List: Re: Chewing hides Roadkill (MarkLoader@aol.com) wrote: >Telling people I am brain tanning hides always get the comment. Do I chew on >them to get them soft? Any tanner knows moisture is the thing your trying to >get rid of while softening saliva would prevent that. I think the origin of this may be some documentaries made about Canadian Eskimoes in the 1950's or 1960's, which a lot of folks probably saw in school. If I recall correctly, they showed an Inuit woman chewing hides to soften them after they'd been wetted or something. The conditions of the North made different demands--I remember an anthropologist's account of her Inuit hostess performing the daily task of taking apart the scientist's mukluks and then sewing them together again, to ensure they remained tightly waterproof, a service which was greatly appreciated. Your humble & obedient servant, Angela Gottfred - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 08:46:29 -0600 From: Jim Lindberg Subject: MtMan-List: L&C plant specimens Got this out of the paper this weekend Lewis & Clark Plant Specimens go to Idaho Plants plucked from the ground by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark nearly 200 years ago will form the basis of an Idaho exhibit commemorating the Corps of Discovery's trip across the Bitterroot Mountains. The Academy of National Sciences Museum in Philadelphia will lend plant specimens to the Idaho historical Museum which will display them in Idaho in 2005 and 2006 as part of a traveling exhibition says Sen. Michael Crapo, R-Idaho. - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 10:17:55 -0500 From: hikingonthru@cs.com Subject: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts Hello List, I was wondering if anyone could point me to texts or resources for cloth clothing of the mtn. man (since I have not enough brain tan deer hide to make my shirt yet!) Right now, I have a hunting shirt I just made that would do well for F&I period and have to fit it with my persona that I am just coming from the settlements and it is one of several my VERY OLD grandma made me before I left!! (She would have learned to sew that style???) I'd like to make a good shirt correct for the era of 1825-1830 (leggings, too, out of leather, but for now canvas will have to do!) Thanks in advance for your hints! - -C.Kent - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 08:31:20 -0700 From: "Sickler, Louis L" Subject: RE: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts C. The Book of Buckskinning II has a pattern for a good square cut shirt. Using correct materials and techniques, this give you what you want. I just made one for my son and it turned out great. He grows so fast, though, I cheated and used a treadle sewing machine. He won't be wearing it long enough to warrant hand sewing the thing. Good Luck, Lou Sickler > -----Original Message----- > From: hikingonthru@cs.com [SMTP:hikingonthru@cs.com] > Sent: Monday, March 19, 2001 8:18 AM > To: hist_text@lists.xmission.com > Subject: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts > > Hello List, > > I was wondering if anyone could point me to texts or resources for cloth > clothing of the mtn. man (since I have not enough brain tan deer hide to > make my shirt yet!) Right now, I have a hunting shirt I just made that > would do well for F&I period and have to fit it with my persona that I am > just coming from the settlements and it is one of several my VERY OLD > grandma made me before I left!! (She would have learned to sew that > style???) I'd like to make a good shirt correct for the era of 1825-1830 > (leggings, too, out of leather, but for now canvas will have to do!) > > Thanks in advance for your hints! > > -C.Kent > > ---------------------- > hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 21:00:54 EST From: Casapy123@aol.com Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Antoine Leroux RE; Leroux - See "The Blazed Trail of Antoine Leroux" by Forbes Parkhill. Published by Westernlore Press, Los Angeles, 1965. Also, a biography of Leroux is inlcuded in Leroy Hafen's "Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West" (see Volume 4) Both items are out of print but are probably available in a university library. You could also try Bookfinder.com if you want to find a copy of your own. Contact me off-line if you have some specific questions as I have both books and may be able to find answers for you. Jim Hardee P.O. box 1228 Quincy, CA 95971 (530)283-4566 (H) (530)283-3330 (W) (530)283-5171 FAX Casapy123@aol.com - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 20:34:15 -0600 From: Victoria Pate Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Metis on the upper Missouri > "Larry Huber" wrote: > >the Minnesota Historical Society Press is > >republishing "The New Peoples, Being and Becoming Metis in North > American" by historians Jacqueline Peterson & Jennifer Brown. > > I would second Larry's hearty endorsement--this is an excellent >>book...... > Your humble & obedient servant, > Angela Gottfred I thirdly Larry's endorsement and agree with Angela. Victoria > > > > ---------------------- > hist_text list info: > http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 21:41:47 EST From: MarkLoader@aol.com Subject: MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP - --part1_104.7a70c3.27e81d6b_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thought you might like some information received from Jim Wirshborn a RMFT=20 history buff and Mountain States Weather radio broadcasts Thanks Roadkil= l WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP=20 Prof. Fred R. Gowans, PhD and Scott Eldredge, MA of Brigham Young University= ,=20 completed a 12 page brochure and a full color reproduction of the original=20 1836=20 Warren Angus Ferris map of the fur trade and the northwest. Ferris kept a detailed journal of his exploits in the west 1830-1835 and upon his return to the east drafted one of the best maps of the west at the time.=A0=20 Trained as a surveyor and an educated individual Ferris's journal is one of the best journals of the time.=A0=20 He presented his journal and map to Carey, Lea & Blanchard Publishing at the same time Washington Irving presented his manuscript of Capt. Bonneville's Adventures.=20 At the time Irving was such a well-known national author the publisher=20 decided to go with Irving's Bonneville's Adventures and Ferris was left with= =20 his manuscript in hand and map to be all but forgotten for 100 years.=A0=20 Ferris' brother Charles did publish the Ferris narrative during 1843-1844=20 in the Western Literary Messenger (Buffalo, NY) but it was a small=20 circulation=20 and because of a change of editorship the brother was forced to abridge the=20 manuscript or else not finish publishing the journal.=A0 The original journa= l=20 itself was never found so all that we have are the installments from=20 this series. It has been said that if the Ferris map had been published in 1836 maps woul= d=20 have been 50 years ahead of their time but instead cartographers of the=20 West struggled with the geography for many more years before making a map=20 that accurately depicted what Ferris had done in his in 1836. Scott Eldredge said the map "far surpassed any contemporary maps in detail and correctness.=A0 This map provides a unique and unmatched perspect= ive of one of the most captivating episodes in western history.=A0=20 "The Ferris map is the only existing manuscript map drawn by a mountain man during the rendezvous period.=A0 This is significant when one considers the number of field maps, etc. that must have been drawn by mountain men. Of all those, this is the only one known to have survived," Eldredge said. The Ferris map was not published until 1940 (Life in the Rocky Mountains, Paul C. Phillips, editor, Old West Publishing, 1940.=A0 A reprint was made by Old West Publishing in 1983, edited by LeRoy R. Hafen).=A0 The map was printed in a greatly reduced scale and difficult to read. The Mountain Grizzly Publications (Orem, UT) edition is published as a=20 limited edition, numbered print, suitable for framing and includes the=20 12 page write-up on Ferris and his map. This is the first full color, full-size reproduction of the manuscript map drawn by Ferris during the Rocky Mountain rendezvous era.=A0 The original map was 17 x 22 inches and covers the region from Arizona to Montana.=A0=20 This reproduction is printed on a 31-22 inch high quality sheet.=A0 Cost is=20 $24.95 plus shipping. To order contact Fred R. Gowans, 133 E. 1600 N, Orem, UT 84057 or phone 801 226-8741 or Scott Eldredge 801 378-6723 (email scott_eldredge@byu.edu). Dealer inquires are welcome. Wirshborn 06/22/2000 - -------------------- - --part1_104.7a70c3.27e81d6b_boundary Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thought you might like so= me information received from Jim Wirshborn a RMFT=20
history buff and Mountain States Weather radio broadcasts   &n= bsp; Thanks Roadkill

WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP=20

Prof. Fred R. Gowans, PhD and Scott Eldredge, MA of Brigham Young Univer= sity,=20
completed a 12 page brochure and a full color reproduction of the origin= al=20
1836=20
Warren Angus Ferris map of the fur trade and the northwest.

Ferris kept a detailed journal of his exploits in the west 1830-1835 and
upon his return to the east drafted one of the best maps of the west at
the time.=A0=20

Trained as a surveyor and an educated individual Ferris's journal is
one of the best journals of the time.=A0=20

He presented his journal and map to Carey, Lea & Blanchard Publishin= g at the
same time Washington Irving presented his manuscript of Capt. Bonneville= 's
Adventures.=20

At the time Irving was such a well-known national author the publisher=20
decided to go with Irving's Bonneville's Adventures and Ferris was left=20= with=20
his manuscript in hand and map to be all but forgotten for 100 years.= =A0=20

Ferris' brother Charles did publish the Ferris narrative during 1843-184= 4=20
in the Western Literary Messenger (Buffalo, NY) but it was a small=20
circulation=20
and because of a change of editorship the brother was forced to abridge=20= the=20
manuscript or else not finish publishing the journal.=A0 The original jo= urnal=20
itself was never found so all that we have are the installments from=20
this series.

It has been said that if the Ferris map had been published in 1836 maps=20= would=20
have been 50 years ahead of their time but instead cartographers of the=20
West struggled with the geography for many more years before making a ma= p=20
that accurately depicted what Ferris had done in his in 1836.

Scott Eldredge said the map "far surpassed any contemporary maps in
detail and correctness.=A0 This map provides a unique and unmatched pers= pective
of one of the most captivating episodes in western history.=A0=20

"The Ferris map is the only existing manuscript map drawn by a mountain
man during the rendezvous period.=A0 This is significant when one consid= ers
the number of field maps, etc. that must have been drawn by mountain men= .
Of all those, this is the only one known to have survived," Eldredge
said.

The Ferris map was not published until 1940 (Life in the Rocky Mountains= ,
Paul C. Phillips, editor, Old West Publishing, 1940.=A0 A reprint was ma= de
by Old West Publishing in 1983, edited by LeRoy R. Hafen).=A0 The map wa= s
printed in a greatly reduced scale and difficult to read.

The Mountain Grizzly Publications (Orem, UT) edition is published as a=20
limited edition, numbered print, suitable for framing and includes the=20
12 page write-up on Ferris and his map.

This is the first full color, full-size reproduction of the manuscript m= ap
drawn by Ferris during the Rocky Mountain rendezvous era.=A0 The origina= l
map was 17 x 22 inches and covers the region from Arizona to Montana.= =A0=20
This reproduction is printed on a 31-22 inch high quality sheet.=A0 Cost= is=20
$24.95
plus shipping.

To order contact Fred R. Gowans, 133 E. 1600 N, Orem, UT 84057 or phone
801 226-8741 or Scott Eldredge 801 378-6723 (email scott_eldredge@byu.ed= u).
Dealer inquires are welcome.

Wirshborn
06/22/2000


--------------------







- --part1_104.7a70c3.27e81d6b_boundary-- - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 20:13:06 -0700 From: "Terrance Luff" Subject: MtMan-List: metis flag HO CAMP.COMIN IN: making a red river cart so i have been off the screen. lordy lordy leave the kids alone ,an look ,the word metis apears on my screen. lacking the skill to discribe the flag , i used the word figure eight, from the scot breeding side of the metis it is the serpent devioring it self sign of. the back ground of blue or red has differnt meaning depending what part of country you are from. at ever metis gathering this comes up. here are a few discussings. the blue stands for the french blood, boat people, the easter metis. the red the scot blood, the buffalo hunter, which was flowen by the cart trains. now days the red and white stands for the red blood and white blood that flows in our vains. there were other flags used by different clans of metis. the wolf flag for the war flag for one, but not many know of this flag. the more flags told of just gets people mixed up and just the people interest in metis history should talk of these.hope my poor ways got threw with what i was trying to say. ponyrider metis bilgs,mt elder of haverent metis _________________________________________________________________ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 20:47:13 -0700 From: "Terrance Luff" Subject: MtMan-List: pemmican,bannock, dry meat metis tradi. foods pemmican has been covered good. but must say from pemmican came roobado, stew or soup with pemmican base and any thing else that will fit in to the pot. bullets. a meat ball from pemmican rolled in flour and dropped in boiling water. ground meat is used now days and is doctered up to tast. bannock. came from the scots and used by the eastern and western metis. there are many different ways to cook bannock, all most as many different ways as there are familys of metis. this one has a story. one time was doing a talk at a all nations day. there was a old lady that was putting on a deemo on scot bread. after my talk {in my metis skins} i walk up to her . she kind of smiled and said, you are here to tast my bannock mon a mee ? with my lower jaw beeing so open made it easyer to get a piece in to my mouth. that was the lites and best tasting ever. no doctoring, just bread. just cast iron skilit and fire. jerky,dried meat or as the metis say viande seche. this has been cover by the people of the list, so i will not cover it again. michif is the metis language and is a mix of old type french,some old scot, and different tribe mostly the cree,chip, ojib.and others depending which tribes country. _________________________________________________________________ Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 21:08:14 -0700 From: "Clay J. Landry" Subject: Re: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts You may want to do a little more research before cutting up that good brain tan to make a buckskin shirt-to quote Osborne Russell from his book "Journal of a Trapper"--his (a trapper's) personal dress is a flannel or cotton shirt, if he is fortunate enough to obtain one, if not Antelope skin answers the purpose, a pair of leather breeches with Blanket or smoked Buffalo skin, leggins.." Also if you study the art work of Alfred Jacob Miller you will see that most of the mountaineers that he depicts are dressed in cloth shirts, buckskin pantaloons, and buckskinned hunting shirts. A good study and book about this is Rex Norman's "The 1837 Sketchbook of the Western Fur Trade" -you can get it from Scurlock Publishing-same folks who publish "Muzzleloader Magazine". You may also want to refer to the section on shirts in the Chapter of the Book of Buckskinning VII entitled "Clothing of the Rocky Mountain Trapper, 1820-1840". While it is quite probable that many trappers wore some style of leather or buckskin shirt, the ledgers of the Fur companies and St. Louis merchants also indicate that hundreds of cloth shirts were supplied to the Rocky Mountain trappers both at the Rendezvous and the interior trading posts . Clay Landry Moorhead MT - ----- Original Message ----- From: To: Sent: Monday, March 19, 2001 8:17 AM Subject: MtMan-List: Mtn. Man shirts > Hello List, > > I was wondering if anyone could point me to texts or resources for cloth clothing of the mtn. man (since I have not enough brain tan deer hide to make my shirt yet!) Right now, I have a hunting shirt I just made that would do well for F&I period and have to fit it with my persona that I am just coming from the settlements and it is one of several my VERY OLD grandma made me before I left!! (She would have learned to sew that style???) I'd like to make a good shirt correct for the era of 1825-1830 (leggings, too, out of leather, but for now canvas will have to do!) > > Thanks in advance for your hints! > > -C.Kent > > ---------------------- > hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html > - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2001 23:11:57 EST From: TEXASLAZYB@aol.com Subject: Re: MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP Was Ferris trained as a surveyor when he wnet to the mountains? I was under the impression that he wasn't a surveyor until about the time he came to Texas around 1840. Thanks. Bluelodge - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 20 Mar 2001 23:45:12 EST From: Hawkengun@aol.com Subject: Re: MtMan-List: WARREN A. FERRIS 1836 MAP According to L.C. Pedersen's bio in "Mtn men & Fur Trade ofg the Far West", vol. 2, p. 135, "Warren received a reputable education [before leaving home at age 19] being trained as a civil engineer." Which must have included some training in surveying, drafting and perhaps cartography. John R. Sweet - ---------------------- hist_text list info: http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/maillist.html ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 21 Mar 2001 20:13:08 EST From: MarkLoader@aol.com Subject: Re: MtMan-List: New Arthur A. Clark Book - --part1_14.115c5d8a.27eaaba4_boundary Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thought every one would like to know this book is now available from Arther=20 Clark. Maybe if they are overwhelmed with orders they will be encouraged to=20 print and reprint more books on the RMFT Thanks Roadkill Book Review By Jim Wirshborn: Mountain States Weather Wischmann, Lesley, Frontier Diplomats:=A0 The Life and Times of Alexander=20 Culbertson and Natoyist-Siksina, The Arthur H. Clark Company, P. O. Box=20 14707, Spokane, WA 99214-0707, 1-800-842-9286.=A0=A0 2000, 400 pp, maps, ill= us.,=20 bibl, index, hardcover, $39.50 + s/h. Reviewed by James F. Wirshborn This may well be one of the best fur trade history books written and=20 delivered to the public in the last 25 years or more. Frontier Diplomats:=A0 The Life and Times of Alexander Culbertson and=20 Natoyist-Siksina is much more than a biography of Culbertson (1809-1879) and= =20 his Blood (Kainah) tribe wife Natoyist-Siksina (Holy Snake) (1825-1893).=A0=20 This 400 page book with maps and photos is a history of the Upper Missouri=20 River, the American Fur Company, the upper Missouri Indian tribes and the=20 western expansion of America. In the bible of biography of the fur trade LeRoy=A0 R. Hafen's ten volume se= t=20 of The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West, published by Arthur H= .=20 Clark Company from 1965-1972, Culbertson's biography is covered by Ray H.=20 Mattison of the National Park Service in a mere four pages.=A0 Mattison list= ed=20 14 references and used no primary source material in preparation of=20 Culbertson's biography. Wischmann spent an intense thorough 10 years researching Culbertson and his=20 wife.=A0 She examined Culbertson's journals, that of his contemporaries, his= =20 business records and the business records of the American Fur Company and=20 other companies of the times.=A0 Culbertson was also a liaison between Upper= =20 Missouri tribes and the politicals of Washington, D.C.=A0 These records were= =20 also examined.=A0 =A0 The bibliography 14 pages of hundreds of books, journa= l=20 articles, newspaper articles, government documents, unpublished resources,=20 archival collections of university, Fort Union Trading Post National=20 Historical Site and other forts and posts of the west and state historical=20 societies. Wischnmann said that she was concerned about her lack of prior knowledge=20 about the fur trade.=A0 This was not a hindrance but an immense help in that= =20 she goes back to the beginning of the Fur Trade era examining its developmen= t=20 through Lewis and Clark and on through the St. Louis, Mo. company's=20 exploitation of the tribes as fur and hide sources.=A0 She takes the history= =20 from the beaver to the hide trade to the delivery of annuities for the tribe= s=20 as treaties with the "Great White Father" were made, signed and violated=20 through the 1870s.=A0 She takes the time to give the background information=20= so=20 the setting is known during the time Culbertson was active as a part of this= =20 historical period in American development. Culbertson was born near Chambersburg, Penn. to a Scottish-Irish family in=20 1809.=A0 He worked for his uncle on the frontiers of Florida and Minnesota=20 before joining the American Fur Company in 1833.=A0 He headed west to Fort=20 McKenzie near present-day Fort Benton, Mont. serving the Blackfeet.=A0 In 18= 40=20 he was put in charge of Fort Union near present-day Williston, N. D.=20 Culbertson and his wife worked together in creating good and relations with=20 the upper Missouri tribes.=A0 John Ewers of the Smithsonian Institution=20 described Natoyist-Siksina, or Natawista, as her family called her, as=20 comparable to Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark expedition.=A0=A0 Culbertson=20= and=20 Natawista worked for more than 30 years to forge relations between the white= s=20 and the tribes of the Upper Missouri. Culbertson founded and built Fort Benton, the "birthplace of Montana."=A0 He= =20 had a reputation as an honest trader which helped negotiate the end of the=20 1833 Crow siege of Fort Mckenzie.=A0 He also hosted a multitude of ministers= ,=20 artists, world travelers, scientists and government surveyors during his=20 tenure on the Upper Missouri. They are referenced in the journals of John James Audubon, Charles=20 Larpenteur, Nicholas Point and Pierre Jean DeSmet, among others.=A0=A0 Culbe= rtson=20 was instrumental in the success of the Fort Laramie Treaty Conference of=20 1851, guiding the 1853 Northern Pacific Railroad Survey party under Isaac=20 Stevens and played key roles in negotiating the treaty with the Blackfeet=20 tribes in 1855 and other treaties in following years. This is Wischmann's first book, an Arthur H. Clark Company publication=20 released October, 2000.=A0 The book is Volume XXVIII of the Arthur H. Clark=20 Company's Western Frontiersman Series.=A0 The red linen cloth book is printe= d=20 on acid-free paper and with a foil-stamped spine and front cover, no dust=20 jacket and was issued as a 750 limited edition and no doubt will go out of=20 print quickly.=A0=20 - --part1_14.115c5d8a.27eaaba4_boundary Content-Type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Thought every one would l= ike to know this book is now available from Arther=20
Clark. Maybe if they are overwhelmed with orders they will be encouraged= to=20
print and reprint more books on the RMFT      &= nbsp;   Thanks Roadkill

Book Review By Jim Wirshborn: Mountain States Weather

Wischmann, Lesley, Frontier Diplomats:=A0 The Life and Times of Alexande= r=20
Culbertson and Natoyist-Siksina, The Arthur H. Clark Company, P. O. Box=20
14707, Spokane, WA 99214-0707, 1-800-842-9286.=A0=A0 2000, 400 pp, maps,= illus.,=20
bibl, index, hardcover, $39.50 + s/h.

Reviewed by James F. Wirshborn

This may well be one of the best fur trade history books written and=20
delivered to the public in the last 25 years or more.

Frontier Diplomats:=A0 The Life and Times of Alexander Culbertson and=20
Natoyist-Siksina is much more than a biography of Culbertson (1809-1879)= and=20
his Blood (Kainah) tribe wife Natoyist-Siksina (Holy Snake) (1825-1893).= =A0=20
This 400 page book with maps and photos is a history of the Upper Missou= ri=20
River, the American Fur Company, the upper Missouri Indian tribes and th= e=20
western expansion of America.

In the bible of biography of the fur trade LeRoy=A0 R. Hafen's ten volum= e set=20
of The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West, published by Arth= ur H.=20
Clark Company from 1965-1972, Culbertson's biography is covered by Ray H= .=20
Mattison of the National Park Service in a mere four pages.=A0 Mattison=20= listed=20
14 references and used no primary source material in preparation of=20
Culbertson's biography.

Wischmann spent an intense thorough 10 years researching Culbertson and=20= his=20
wife.=A0 She examined Culbertson's journals, that of his contemporaries,= his=20
business records and the business records of the American Fur Company an= d=20
other companies of the times.=A0 Culbertson was also a liaison between U= pper=20
Missouri tribes and the politicals of Washington, D.C.=A0 These records=20= were=20
also examined.=A0 =A0 The bibliography 14 pages of hundreds of books, jo= urnal=20
articles, newspaper articles, government documents, unpublished resource= s,=20
archival collections of university, Fort Union Trading Post National=20
Historical Site and other forts and posts of the west and state historic= al=20
societies.

Wischnmann said that she was concerned about her lack of prior knowledge= =20
about the fur trade.=A0 This was not a hindrance but an immense help in=20= that=20
she goes back to the beginning of the Fur Trade era examining its develo= pment=20
through Lewis and Clark and on through the St. Louis, Mo. company's=20
exploitation of the tribes as fur and hide sources.=A0 She takes the his= tory=20
from the beaver to the hide trade to the delivery of annuities for the t= ribes=20
as treaties with the "Great White Father" were made, signed and violated= =20
through the 1870s.=A0 She takes the time to give the background informat= ion so=20
the setting is known during the time Culbertson was active as a part of=20= this=20
historical period in American development.

Culbertson was born near Chambersburg, Penn. to a Scottish-Irish family=20= in=20
1809.=A0 He worked for his uncle on the frontiers of Florida and Minneso= ta=20
before joining the American Fur Company in 1833.=A0 He headed west to Fo= rt=20
McKenzie near present-day Fort Benton, Mont. serving the Blackfeet.=A0 I= n 1840=20
he was put in charge of Fort Union near present-day Williston, N. D.=20

Culbertson and his wife worked together in creating good and relations w= ith=20
the upper Missouri tribes.=A0 John Ewers of the Smithsonian Institution=20
described Natoyist-Siksina, or Natawista, as her family called her, as=20
comparable to Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark expedition.=A0=A0 Culbert= son and=20
Natawista worked for more than 30 years to forge relations between the w= hites=20
and the tribes of the Upper Missouri.

Culbertson founded and built Fort Benton, the "birthplace of Montana."= =A0 He=20
had a reputation as an honest trader which helped negotiate the end of t= he=20
1833 Crow siege of Fort Mckenzie.=A0 He also hosted a multitude of minis= ters,=20
artists, world travelers, scientists and government surveyors during his= =20
tenure on the Upper Missouri.

They are referenced in the journals of John James Audubon, Charles=20
Larpenteur, Nicholas Point and Pierre Jean DeSmet, among others.=A0=A0 C= ulbertson=20
was instrumental in the success of the Fort Laramie Treaty Conference of= =20
1851, guiding the 1853 Northern Pacific Railroad Survey party under Isaa= c=20
Stevens and played key roles in negotiating the treaty with the Blackfee= t=20
tribes in 1855 and other treaties in following years.

This is Wischmann's first book, an Arthur H. Clark Company publication=20
released October, 2000.=A0 The book is Volume XXVIII of the Arthur H. Cl= ark=20
Company's Western Frontiersman Series.=A0 The red linen cloth book is pr= inted=20
on acid-free paper and with a foil-stamped spine and front cover, no dus= t=20
jacket and was issued as a 750 limited edition and no doubt will go out=20= of=20
print quickly.=A0=20



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