[Orb bio by Heinz Reese] THE ORB - AMBIENT DUB HIPPY RAVE 1989 - 1994 Ambient Beginnings It all began at EG Records & Music. In the mid 1980s, undisputed ambient overlord Brian Eno founded his revolutionary record label and laid the groundwork for the Orb's future collaborations. But before all that, it began with the musical imaginations of two young men who were buddies in Church-run high school and wound up at EG Records together. The first of the duo was signed to Brian Eno's legendary ambient showcase as a bassist for the most important punk band of all time. His name is M. Glover (but he has henceforth referred to himself only as Youth), and his band was Killing Joke. The second of the two jumped on the bandwagon as the drumtech roadie for that band. His name is Alex Paterson. Killing Joke revolutionised the punk scene by transforming it from a self- destructive adolescent protest gimmick into mature social criticism. During their profoundly influential career, the Joke dabbled equally in ambient soundscapes as they did in biting, intelligent rock (most importantly in songs like "Love Like Blood", "Wardance", and their cult hit "Requiem"). Inevitably, the band fractured on the classic 'ego-war' grounds, and Youth happily dumped his burgeoning 'big rock star' stage posturing to pursue a more faceless career as a producer. What About Us? Youth joined forces with guitarist Jimmy Cauty of the newly-conceived KLF Communications and bassist Guy Pratt in the ambient pop band Brilliant, who tongue-in- cheek approach foreshadowed much of the Orb's future hijinks. Alex Paterson continued with Brilliant in his roadie capacity. After and due to his stint as Youth's sidekick, Alex was signed to EG as an A&R rep. His travels took him around the globe, where he met with many of his future Orb collaborators, among them German electronic music boffin Thomas Fehlmann of Teutonic Beats, Marathon (now Time Unlimited), and Fischerman's Friend (who were to become Sun Electric). Alex joined up with Thomas in 1989 in Berlin to forge an enduring musical friendship. At around the same time, a brilliant teenager (who had managed to fluke a job as a tea boy in a recording studio when he left school - ironically, another Church-run institution) was pioneering electronic dance music with techno-tricksters Fortran 5, and toiling in the studio as an engineer for renowned British DJ Mark Angelo. His name is Kristian Weston. When Brilliant turned in, Youth and Alex founded and became co-owners of the record label WAU! Mr Modo (What About Us!; Mr Modo being Alex's manager, Adam Morris, the third partner). At first designed to showcase their own music, Alex, Youth, and Adam's label soon became the watershed for independent ambient and house music. Their small roster grew to embrace several different acts, and, soon enough, enlisted the aid of Kris Weston as a remixer. Having a record label, they now needed a place to record. Jimmy Cauty conceived his Trancentral studio, and the Orb began to take shape. Chill Out DJ Paul Oakenfold awarded Alex and Jimmy with their own floor at the Land Of Oz in his seminal Heaven nightclub. The duo turned it into the first-ever 'chill out' room, mixing together hours of ambient music and found sounds culled from soundtracks, films, and records like Rainbow Dome Musick by 70s progressive rock legend Steve Hillage, founding member of Gong. Little did Alex know that Hillage would one day step into the Land Of Oz. When Alex meet Steve, their combined musical interest spawned a collaboration called System 7 (which was to come together in 1991, named for a new operating system on the Apple Macintosh Computer), first consisting of a myriad collaborations including Alex, Steve Hillage, Miquette Giraudy of Gong, Youth, Kris Weston, Steve Waddington of the Beloved, and Paul Oakenfold. At Trancentral, the groundwork for the Orb and the KLF was being laid in the way of Jimmy and Alex's ambient improvisationals. On Sundays, partly to put their heads back together from Friday and Saturday night, Alex and Jimmy improvised hour-long mixing sessions at the Trancentral studio. From these sessions came the original versions of three tracks that would all go on to become top ten dance hits two years later. Those were "What Time Is Love?", "3 A.M. Eternal", and "Last Train To Trancentral" - the KLF's future 'Stadium House Trilogy'. Deejaying for a six hour stretch at Trancentral's 'Ambiathon', Alex turned out a large chunk of what is found on the KLF's groundbreaking first album, "Chill Out", a work that virtually defined the term that it uses for a title. Several early Orb projects also resulted from the Trancentral sessions. The Orb Is Born Watching Woody Allen's "Sleeper", Alex Paterson listened to people crying out for the Orgasmatron: "the orb, the orb, give me the orb! I want the orb!". He decided it would be a well smart name for a band. He also decided that what he and Jimmy had been cooking up in Trancentral would be good enough to market. The Trancentral studio consisted solely of an eight-track Akai console, an OBX organ, and a 303 drum machine. Youth's "Eternity Project One", a compilation designed to showcase the wellspring of talent gathered on WAU! Mr Modo, was put together over several sessions at Trancentral. The Orb's first musical outing, "Tripping On Sunshine", described by Alex Paterson as "a joke", saw its release on the project. Apparently, this song, a goofy live improv, was recorded rather uniquely; "we used to take the studio apart and stick it in the air. Then we'd lay on the floor and mix upside-down", Alex says. Among the cross-section of people to hear the Eternity Project was fashion designer Calvin Klein, who promptly bought the name 'eternity' to use with his line of colognes and perfumes. Kiss Your Love Next came a tribute to New York's pioneering ambient/house radio station KISS FM, whose innovation was saluted by Alex and Jimmy by way of generous sampling. "Kiss Your Love" became the Orb's first release, "The Kiss EP". On the record, Jimmy and Alex were credited as Rockman Rock and LX Dee. The record quickly sold out of its 949 first pressing copies and was deleted; there has never been a reissue. The track itself, completely unlike any subsequent Orb material, is just a series of samples from KISS FM thrown together with a melody pilfered from the song "Prepare To Energize" by Torch Song, a band William Orbit was part of in the early 80s. It pales in comparison to everything else they have done. Pulsating Brain The token Orb track, "A Huge Ever-Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From The Centre Of The Ultraworld (Loving You)" was the next project by Alex and Jimmy, a gorgeous 22-minute collage of choral voices from Grace Jones' "Slave To The Rhythm", Minnie Ripperton's soul classic "Loving You", and an unforgettable analogue synth line that inspired DJs to proclaim it the first 'post-rave' house track. This song will be remembered as the anthem of ambience in years to come. Alex says it was hard to persuade Jimmy to take the beat off the track, but he ultimately convinced him. WAU! Mr Modo mailed out 100 white label 12"s to DJs and radio stations like KISS FM; the feedback they received was either ecstatic or disgusted. Lawyers jumped on the sample of Ripperton, so the Orb followed up the success of the first 12" with a remix 12" that had a dancier version of the song on it. The vocals for the new version were provided by an imitator who could not properly match Minnie's vocal pyrotechnics. The longest mix of "Pulsating Brain" broke the UK Gallup rules for length, which stated that a single should not exceed 20 minutes. It went unnoticed until the record entered the top 50. When the original 12"s went out of print, the Orb made a licensing deal with Jaz Summers' record label Big Life to do a reissue. Big Life re-pressed the 12"s and a new CD, chopping off the last four minutes of the song to appease Gallup. This act, by which Big Life took the reins of Orb distribution, signalled a change that would prove problematic in the future. The Orb recorded their best interpretation of "Loving You" for BBC Radio 1's John Peel on December 3, 1989 - a live in-the-studio mix. Space The seeds for the Orb's debut album Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld were planted with an aborted project called "Space", recorded in early 1990 and containing Alex and Jimmy's prototype versions of "Fluffy Clouds", "Supernova At The End Of The Rainbow", and others. At this time, a dispute developed between the two members of the Orb. Jimmy apparently saw Alex as merely a DJ, and Alex wanted more musical input. They split over this, and Jimmy omitted Alex's contributions to the "Space" album (including the song titles) and rerecorded it, releasing the work under the band name Space. Following the non-release of the original "Space" and a planned triple album on Cauty's KLF Communications label, Alex and Jimmy parted company in mid-1990, leaving behind them a wealth of early work and remixes for a host of bands. Jimmy hooked up with ex-WEA A&R rep Bill Drummond and set to work. They almost immediately released the KLF's highly-acclaimed album, "Chill Out", whose "Madrugada Eterna" chord structure is a direct offshoot of the Orb's "Loving You". Little Fluffy Clouds Alex and Youth moved into a flat in Battersea in the former neighbourhood of DJ Andy Weatherall, who lived there when founding Boys Own Productions with Cymon Eckel. The two wrote "Little Fluffy Clouds", the most well-known Orb track. The song's main sample is from an interview that LeVar Burton did with Rickie Lee Jones on PBS's Reading Rainbow. She reflects about her childhood memories, including what she calls the "most beautiful skies" in Arizona. Jones reacted negatively to the sampling, and Big Life settled the matter out of court; the Orb were unwilling to omit the sample because it is so intrinsic to the song. Also among the samples are Ennio Morricone's harmonica from his score to Once Upon A Time In The West, and Pat Metheny's "12 Guitars". The combined effect of creative sampling and catchy music results in what is one of the most unique dance singles of all time. "Little Fluffy Clouds" was released as a single in the UK, and was soon heard in North America. Orb In Full Effect When Youth and Alex headed into the studio to remix "Little Fluffy Clouds", 18 year-old sound engineer Kristian Weston came on board to contribute his prodigious talent. Kris had left Fortran 5 and been working on remixes for WAU! Mr Modo in the interim, including interpretations of "Hotel California" by Jam On The Mutha (a one-time collaboration between Alex and Youth). Alex and Kris hit it off, and the Orb's new pairing was established. Youth awarded Mr Weston the moniker Thrash as a poke at his past inclination to thrash metal, and Kris went on to work in full partnership with Alex, eventually becoming the driving musical influence in the band. Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld In the upper purple lounge of that Battersea flat, Youth, Alex, and Thrash assembled the concept of "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld", culling the aid of the full Orb posse. Among them were Thomas Fehlmann, ex-Gong members Steve Hillage and Miquette Giraudy, ex-PiL bass god Jah Wobble, Brilliant bassist Guy Pratt, Tom Green, and Andy Falconer. The Orb released their first 'real' LP in 1991 on Big Life Records, completely redefining the importance of ambient music and gaining praise and dissent from critics worldwide. It moved to a national top 30 chart position. Alex talks about the production of the LP: "I still had a day job, though Big Life gave me a budget of 25,000 to make a double album. I eventually did it for 23,500...the idea was to integrate them all (songs) with lots of strange noises...". The cover of "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld" was a subtle hint to buyers: the Battersea power station, made famous by Pink Floyd's "Animals" album cover, stood bold in purple and magenta. The Orb had originally planned to fly an inflatable dolphin over the station as a parody of Floyd's pig, but they've made up for it with their latest live album (see below). The Americanisation of Orb music began with the US release of "Little Fluffy Clouds", on which Big Life called in dance artists Coldcut to remix the song. Alex was not happy with the mixes, however: "they're crap. That's Big Life remixing behind our backs". Collectors do not share Alex's sentiments; because the US single has been out of print for a long time, it is a prized item. Further commercialisation of Orb music resulted in the transformation of "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld" from a double album (as it was in its original form in the UK) to a terrible single-disc cut-and-paste job for the U.S. The Americans couldn't fathom releasing a double album from an unknown artist. Alex explains: "they missed out on a lot. They wanted to cut down all ten tracks and make it into a single album, with five tracks a side. How do you cut a track like 'Spanish Castles In Space' down into anything? It is what it is...the whole of side two is missing". The U.S. release took eight of the original tracks, slashed out "Back Side Of The Moon" and "Spanish Castles In Space", and opted for a 4-minute version of "Star 6 & 7 8 9" and a silly 4-minute pop version of "Perpetual Dawn" (see below). Pollution Statement? On May 4th, 1992, the Orb received a phone call from the American Lung Association during its "Blue Sky" campaign for Clean Air Week. They were congratulated on their skill in bringing attention to the problem of pollution with the video for "Little Fluffy Clouds". Alex and Kris were baffled, but nonetheless somewhat honoured to be among the other recognised artists (Julian Lennon, Alabama, the Grateful Dead, the B- 52s, Midnight Oil, Talking Heads, and Santana). The video for "Little Fluffy Clouds" consists of dolphins floating through brightly-coloured cloud formations in space. Perpetual Dawn "Perpetual Dawn" was the next single to be released. Long an issue of contention among Orb fans, "Perpetual Dawn" is the Orb track most perverted for North American audiences. The original version on the UK album is over 9 minutes long, and primarily ambient. The American version, mixed by Youth, adds vocals in the verse-chorus format, and eliminates all aspects of the true dub reggae style used in the original. This interpretation, which, ironically, turned a lot of people unwittingly onto the band, is cited as the worst Orb track ever, surpassing even the directionless "Kiss Your Love". The "Perpetual Dawn" single has recently been reissued in all of its UK formats, including a special picture-disc 12". A Taste Of Things To Come As one of the formats for the "Perpetual Dawn" single release, the Orb offered "Orb In Dub", a limited edition 12" EP with DJ Andy Weatherall's 'Ultrabass II' remix of "Perpetual Dawn" (available elsewhere only on the US release of Perpetual Dawn) and a new track called "Towers Of Dub (Ambient Mix)". Written by the Orb with Thomas Fehlmann, the latter of the two would become a highlight of the Orb's second album, and the choice by many fans as favourite track. On this EP, "Towers Of Dub" begins with a long, intricately layered cascade of bell-like sounds, which eventually leads into an ambling dub beat supported by bass guitar. Samples of a comedy skit called "The Hippy And The Redneck" by Jaeger and Evans punctuate the thick soundscape. The final sound in the mix is a frantic loop of a dog bark, which would become the hilarious sample featured in the later version (see below). "Towers Of Dub" signified a fundamental change in direction with the Orb's sound. Throughout Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld and its accompanying releases, they had crafted an obscure sample-based mix that evoked images of outer space, trips to the moon, and interplanetary exploration. "Towers Of Dub" had none of that escapism. Here, the Orb were digging for roots and discovering a warmer, prettier sound. Peel Sessions and Aubrey Mixes The Orb issued the results of their live recordings for late-night radio show host John Peel on an album called "Peel Sessions" in October of 1991. This LP featured the mix of "Pulsating Brain" recorded two years previous, plus two other interpretations recorded in 1991 ("Back Side Of The Moon (Tranquility Lunar Orbit)" and "Into The Fourth Dimension (Essenes In Starlight)"). These versions were entirely ambient in nature. They abandoned the beats that tightened parts of "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld" together, and opted for a more free-form means of collage. In December of 1991, the Orb released an album and deleted it on the same day, immediately making it one of the most sought-after collectors' items by the band. "Aubrey Mixes: The Ultraworld Excursions" culled both unreleased mixes and those that had found their way onto US singles, including Pal Joey's interpretation of "Little Fluffy Clouds" and Thomas Fehlmann's remix of "Outlands". Also included was the 'January Mix 3' of "Perpetual Dawn", with samples from "Dueling Banjos", music from the film Deliverance. There is a joke in the title of the album: 'Aubrey Mixes' is a play on the British accent - how one would say 'orb remixes' as 'aubremixes'. "Aubrey Mixes" was eventually picked up by Caroline records in the US, and Peel Sessions by Dutch East India Trading, so rarity was defeated until both pressings went out of print. Ironically, the cover was another Floyd parody, this time from an unused proof cover for the "Animals" LP (the Battersea power station floating in space). "Aubrey Mixes" is rumoured to have been re-released. Blue Room In 1991, Gallup modified the rules concerning the length of singles in the charts - now, only if a song exceeded forty minutes in length, would it be disqualified from chart contention. The Orb responded with their epic masterpiece, "Blue Room", clocking in just under the mark at 39 minutes and fifty-eight seconds as the longest single ever created. Written by Steve Hillage and Miquette Giraudy (of Gong and System 7 fame), Alex and Kris, and Fraser and Jah Wobble, "Blue Room" was a collaborative effort. Released in the UK as a two-CD set, and in Germany on one CD, it never saw a US release except as a 12" and a CD promo included in early copies of the US U.F.Orb LP. The single entered the charts and went as high as position 8, which garnered the Orb a spot on Top Of The Pops. Alex muses, tongue firmly in cheek, about the experience: "the last thing we want to do is go on Top Of The Pops. How degrading can you get?" Of course, the Orb are not very good pop stars. They agreed to the appearance for a laugh (they were filmed playing chess on a stage bathed in laser light), and ended up having a difficult time with it: "the whole show was like 'This Is Spinal Tap'. You get shouted at for moving. We nearly got thrown off the set. I slipped, my chair went back, and Kris got up to see if I was alright and there was uproar: 'don't move!'. But that's the music business establishment for you. It's really nice, really gorgeous. It really makes you want to become pop stars. It makes you feel you want to be with them". Needless to say, Top Of The Pops played a pathetic 3-minute edit of "Blue Room". The song itself is a brilliant work, encompassing sounds from all around the world in its scope (the British air-raid siren, wildcats from Tibet, Marilyn Monroe singing "Happy Birthday" to Kennedy, recordings of the first-ever spacewalk on Gemini 4 - "the flight director says 'get back in'", and a voice that is eerily reminiscent of Roger Rabbit). However, the obvious samples do not make the piece. The Orb was now moving in a different direction, taking everyday noises and natural sounds and using them as instruments. Alex explains: "the first Orb album was a sample-spotter's dream. But we're now into the idea of taking weird noises and making them sound vaguely musical. It's just a slightly more intelligent approach to sampling. We do things like turning the pages of a book and treating the tape to produce a hi-hat, and using cutlery or scissors or spinning coins as percussion. We once used two swords. Thrash and I had a fight with them in the studio. That was fun. Apart from the fact I almost killed Thrash". The origin of the song's name is interesting and frightening. At the Wright- Patterson Air Force Base in America, there is a special compound called Hangar 18, in which the U.S. government allegedly stores, documents, and maintains the remains and survivors from UFO crashes. Hangar 18 is called the Blue Room. U.F.Orb This album, the Orb's second, entered the the UK charts at number 1, a spot it deserves whole-heartedly. Like "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld" was the definitive record for ambient house, "U.F.Orb" was the definitive record for ambient dub. The six songs on the LP showed fully how the Orb had grown from a "Sunday band making strange, 303 Oberheimer-type acid house music" (Alex's words) to a first-class, cerebral well of lush, fascinating sound. Every song is an aural journey through which the listener moves and learns. One does not listen to this album; one experiences it. Three editions of the album were released in the UK, and another variation in the US. The UK releases consisted of the standard album set, a two-record set with two art prints sealed in a black vinyl sleeve, and a triple-LP package that included a live record ("Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld: Patterns and Textures", a digitally-remastered recording from a live show at London's Brixton Fridge). Early copies of the US release included a promo CD featuring the full version of "Blue Room", a "Blue Room" remix, the edit from the Top Of The Pops show, and a new track called "Assassin" (see below). As a companion to the album, Big Life released a 51-minute video ("Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld: Patterns and Textures") comprising the performance at the Brixton Fridge and lots of ambient-type spacy computer graphics, done by a woman that Alex says the following of: "she was doing things for six grand when she should have been paid sixty. Six grand for 51 minutes of film!" Early copies of the video included the live recording on CD. The Orb do not appear in the video once. We see audience members dancing about, a light show that would rival the most beautiful of UFOs, and even porpoises making love in swirling whorls of colour to the sounds of "Towers Of Dub", but Alex and Thrash remain hidden behind their machines. "Towers Of Dub" is transformed from its first version (the 'Ambient Mix' on the Orb In Dub EP) to a lively, bright romp dappled with barking dogs, warm reggae pulses, and...lo and behold - a harmonica! Trust the Orb to merge Western music with African music in an utterly successful mix. The speech that opens the song is a crank phone call made by prankster Victor Lewis-Smith to an ignorant security guard at London Weekend Television who doesn't know who either Haile Selassie or Marcus Garvey is. The final track on the album, "Sticky End", a mere 49 seconds, is based around a sample of an elephant defecating that Alex culled while in Nepal. The stories behind U.F.Orb are based on several books - Timothy Good's "Above Top Secret" and "Alien Liaison", Frank Waters' "Book Of The Hopi", Hill Cooper's "Behold A Pale Face", and Zecharia Witchin's "Genesis Revisited", which, according to Alex, give "anyone with an interest in UFOs a good read and an introduction to advances not yet believed by a Church state". In The Aftermath Following up such a brilliant album is a great task. The Orb turned into a four- piece punk band and covered Iggy and the Stooges' "No Fun" for John Peel, but the effort has yet to see release. They also promise a cover of Hawkwind's "Silver Machine" in the not-too-distant future. One effort, despite being lost in its DAT form between London and Sheffield, made it onto disc - a post-LP single called "Assassin", which did not make it past number 12 in the charts. It was originally planned to feature Bobby Gillespie of Primal Scream. "Assassin" includes samples of bunny rabbits and a loop of Kraftwerk's "Kling Klang" (in the opening of the Chocolate Hills Of Bohol Mix). Alex says the subject matter of the song is "Arabs and bunnies...that's what the assassin is after...the one that laid the egg". Big Life = Big Problems The Orb's recording activities were suddenly cut off early in 1993, when the Big Life record label issued two injuctions. The first prevented the Orb from releasing any more records. The second (which was legally untenable and dropped in June before it was due to go to court) prevented the parent label WAU! Mr Modo from releasing any records, should they perhaps feature the Orb working under a different name. Thoroughly upset with Big Life's attempted monopoly on their work, the Orb spent 1993 disconnecting with the label, and made money in the meantime by remixing (for Yellow Magic Orchestra (Ryuichi Sakamoto and friends), Front 242, Material (Bill Laswell's dub act, and U2). Evil Bro 39 After finally breaking with Big Life, the Orb signed on with Island Records in late November, and immediately released the "Orb Live 93" double LP (known as "Evil Bro 39" to its friends). This sprawling two-disc set is a chronicle of the Orb's live antics in 1993, including dates in Tokyo, Copenhagen, and Glastonbury (where they played on a floating barge). Believe it or not, an ambient band can play live. The Orb has from day one, before their first album was even released. This is because they come from a DJ culture - a performance culture. Dr Alex says, "as opposed to the main body of a group being a singer and a guitarist, the main body of our band is the DJ as engineer. It's just a different way of looking at things". Their live arrangements often deviate significantly from the original interpretations, incorporating live drums and guitar, and new samples, which Alex and Kris play live. Take a moment to think about the significance of this band's contribution to music: their second album, an ambient triple LP, went immediately to number 1. Their next long-player is a double live album with over 140 minutes of music! Also, they finally had their album cover dream come true, albeit in altered form: the Battersea power station against a tasty green backdrop, and none other than Fluff the giant sheep floating overhead. Although "Orb Live 93" is primarily a collection of previously-heard work, there are two new songs included: "Plateau" and "Valley", supposedly from the upcoming LP. Orb On The Way After numerous delays (due to Big Life aggressively reissuing most of their back catalogue), the Orb plan to release their new single in May, entitled "Pommes Fritz" (touted by some as a sequel to "Little Fluffy Clouds"). The album should be available soon after, tentatively titled "Orbus Terranus" (Orb Terrain - fits with "Valley" and "Plateau", no doubt). The LP will feature guest spots by electronic sound explorers Black Dog, Thomas Fehlmann and his friends in Sun Electric, and session violinist Timothy Good, whose novel Alien Liaison (about the U.S. government's storing and feeding of extra-terrestrials) partly inspired the concept behind U.F.Orb. In order to cash in on the Orb until the last moment, Big Life have reissued a good portion of the Orb's deleted back catalogue, including the "Little Fluffy Clouds" UK singles, the "Perpetual Dawn" UK singles, the "Pulsating Brain" UK singles (once only the prized possessions of dedicated Orb collectors), and a possible upcoming reissue of "Aubrey Mixes: The Ultraworld Excursions". Not to be discounted, Island has reissued the original UK "Adventures Beyond The Ultraworld" double album, and "U.F.Orb". Coming in the summer will be the Orb's latest collaboration, FFWD (Fripp (Robert), Fehlmann (Thomas), Weston (Kris), and Doctor (Alex)), with the album Orbert. FFWD should be touring in November. There are rumours that the Orb will be playing as part of Lollapalooza IV, but those suspicions conflict with plans announced by their tour manager, who says they will be touring Europe during the summer, with one-off dates on the Isle of Skye and in Blackpool. But let's leave the promises to Dr Alex Paterson: "if everything goes to plan, we'll be releasing a new album every three months for the next year or so. Three albums are already ready to go".