From: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com (aml-list-digest) To: aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Subject: aml-list-digest V1 #761 Reply-To: aml-list Sender: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Errors-To: owner-aml-list-digest@lists.xmission.com Precedence: bulk aml-list-digest Friday, July 5 2002 Volume 01 : Number 761 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2002 15:23:21 -0600 From: Christopher Bigelow Subject: [AML] AML's PayPal Services We finally got around to setting up the AML on PayPal so people can easily join the AML or subscribe to Irreantum online via credit card. So if you've been meaning to join but haven't gotten around to snail-mailing your order, now you can just click on the links below and use your credit card. Full AML membership, $25. This includes 4 issues of Irreantum, a copy of the book-length AML Annual, and discounted preregistration to AML events. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=AML+ann ual+dues&amount=25.00 Irreantum-only subscription, $16. For those who don't want full AML membership but want to receive 4 issues of Irreantum, click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=Irreant um+subscription&amount=16.00 Irreantum sample copy, $5. Unless you specify a specific issue, you will receive the current issue. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=Irreant um+sample+copy&amount=5.00 AML donations. Tax deductible! Your donations help us defray the costs of running AML-List and other services. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=AML+don ation Questions? E-mail us at irreantum2@cs.com. Chris Bigelow - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2002 16:13:08 -0600 From: "Clark Goble" Subject: RE: [AML] Satan Figures ___ Annette ___ | From what we know, it looks like Lucifer didn't really "get" | the plan at all. If he had, he wouldn't have bothered to | tempt Adam and Eve, and instead would have let them sit in | the garden forever, ___ Well he may not have "gotten" the plan. But he at least knew what the plan was. So he knew how he could foil it. So that is why his actions in the garden and with Christ are so interesting. They fit Satan's role as a literary plot device. However as a real person, his motivations must have been much more complex. Further our belief that this is but one of an infinite number of creations suggests that Satan must have had "precedence" in what he did. Perhaps we don't know about it because it would seem to persuasive to us? There's a great urban legend along these lines that is a mix of the Mormon view of Satan with the more Faustus legend. I heard it several times on my mission and its such a great story I'll share it. Basically this AP is pondering the very issues we're asking. "What the heck was Satan thinking?" So unable to curtail his curiosity any more, the AP foolishly prays to Satan to ask him about his side of the story. Satan shows up and has a long discussion going on into the night. The next morning the AP leaves the mission, goes out drinking and partying, having been so persuaded by exactly what Satan's critique of God was. The moral of the story is, "don't try to understand Satan too much - he might convince you!" What is even more interesting isn't the question about whether Satan was lying or not. (If he was, it presumably was a lie that he may have believed himself) It was how believable Satan's position is. It reminds me of that quote by Neitzsche. Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster and when you look long into an abyss, the abyss also looks into you. Which ties us back into our discussion of the Harris novels about Hannibal Lecter. The first book, _Red Dragon_, was about how a FBI profiler did just that and went a little crazy. In a sense _Hannibal_ (the book, not the film) was about how Hannibal tried to do that to Starling. I'd have to reread the book, but I wonder if there was a sense in which it had happened to Hannibal himself. Ideas as a virus? We see it with forms of abuse. And isn't the madness of a sexual predator a kind of evil we all fear? Yet it is an evil which reproduces itself. ___ Scott ___ | Which is the flip side of the widespread belief that Man is | just another kind of animal. Our reactions may be complex, but | we are just animals after all and don't have true agency; we're | biological machines that must act according to our programming. ___ Of course this view has long been dealt with in the history of ethics. It was, for instance, a major issue for the Greeks. The general response is that we are limited by the various kinds of nature we are in. (The nature of our body, the nature of our circumstance, etc) However despite this nature we can *within* this nature exercise great choice. For instance your cat doesn't *always* play with mice. I've seen cats let mice go - although I'm sure it wasn't for any sense of ethics or altruism. Likewise we have many instincts, circumstances and so forth within which we act. Yet we still are free to a degree. I think you'll find that "absolute freedom" makes no sense at all, even though we tend towards that view in our literature at times. It's always a relative freedom from within the structures that define our existence. The fact is that some humans have more freedom than others. How much freedom does someone with a mental disability have, for instance? (To return us back to our notion of Satan figures - how about psychopaths) Traditionally we like make this separation between humans and animals. However I think what we have is a kind of gradation. ___ Scott ___ | (who is very, very interested in having private discussions | about different people's ideas of an idealized Mormon society | and how it would compare/interact with the rest of the world) ___ What's interesting is that our desire to understand evil and conspiracy theories is really the attempt to understand their utopia. In a sense the quest for utopia is paralleled in terms of both good and evil. Given that, I don't think we can speak of a Utopia without asking about a utopia for whom and in what circumstance. That seems a little beside the point, but if the histories of utopias shows anything, it is that membership is everything. Just look at the various experiments in Utah with the United Order. And we have our own "golden calf" in our history. We were promised Missouri but failed to make our utopia. While historians quibble over the prophecies, the point often is that we failed because *we* weren't ready. As for a utopia interacting with the rest of the world - well Enoch doesn't give much hope. Their interactions consisted mainly of war until the city was removed. For a real practical utopia, excuse my quoting of Pascal. But this does seem the best of all possible worlds to me here in America. We still have enough problems to keep life interesting yet we have enough righteousness to keep life happy. We even have what the utopias of previous centuries never had: toilet paper, air conditioning and indoor plumbing! Three necessities for any utopia I can imagine. You can have Orderville. It didn't sound like any utopia I'd want to have lived in. - -- Clark Goble --- clark@lextek.com ----------------------------- - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2002 17:17:21 -0600 From: "Scott Parkin" Subject: Re: [AML] Satan Figures Annette Lyon wrote: > From what we know, it > looks like Lucifer didn't really "get" the plan at all. If he had, he > wouldn't have bothered to tempt Adam and Eve, and instead would have let > them sit in the garden forever, much like Scott is proposing Lucifer would > have wanted us to. *That* would have messed up the plan. But somehow he > thought that getting rid of their garden paradise would fit into his own > purposes. I tend to side with D. Michael and others who believe that the > force concept was real, for many of the reasons already posted. It's a question that's at least partially irrelevant--whatever the original natures of the two plans the fact is that Satan's plan wasn't implemented. To try to extrapolate what Satan's plan was by looking at how he's trying to mess up God's plan is sort of like trying to guess what a forger's original artwork looks like by examining his fakes. We just don't have enough information. But it is fun to speculate. My thought process works somthing like this--Satan doesn't particularly care whether we progress or not, his only interest is in his own progression. But to become as God he needs followers, and to get followers he has to create an earth where they can dwell. So he tries to come up with a plan that will ensure his own godhood without requiring any of the work (or pain) that would be required to enable others to progress toward theirs. But he has to spin it so he can get it past God so he adds the bit about ensuring that not one soul will be lost--that's what God wants, after all. But as you said, Satan just didn't get it. In his mind the easiest way to ensure correct decision-making is to give people only one choice; you can't go through the wrong door if there's only one door to go through, and you can't fall off the path if it's bordered by sheer cliffs and no other paths exist. Giving people choices, then forcing them to only select one requires much more effort than only giving them one choice. Why create work for yourself when you can just skip that whole nasty choice-thingy in the first place and end up with the same outcome? Since his concern is his own progress, not ours, there's no need to make the effort. In the end, what we choose is essentially irrelevant. When his plan is rejected (along with his entire methodology, assumptions, and special place of honor) he gets more than a little peeved. He doesn't just disagree and commit, he leads a revolution against God. At this point one of two conditions seems reasonable: 1) He believes in his own moral correctness and is going to show God what a stupid idea it was to choose Christ's plan, so he's going to do everything he can to expose its flaws. But he doesn't really understand the foundations of it so he thinks he can derail it early by interfering with Eve in the garden--that's how he'd mess up his own plan, after all. Of course it turns out he was wrong and all he did was progress Christ's plan, which ticks him off even more. Now it's personal and he wants to mess it up as much as possible--whether he gets personal benefit from it or not. 2) He knows that he's messed up and lost his chance to truly become like God. But he knows that if he can get some people to deny God he can get the castoffs from heaven and set up at least a shadow kingdom. Not as good as becoming like God, but the best he can manage under the circumstances. To get castoffs he has to lead people away from a true knowledge of God and get them cast into outer darkness where he has control over them throughout eternity and can function as a bad photocopy of God. To do that, there have to be people with the ability to choose. For there to be people, there has to be a Fall so he willingly does his part to progress the plan--not because it helps God, but because it creates his only opportunity to gain followers. That his goals temporarily coincide with God's is not a surprise because Satan's revised backup plan requires that Christ's plan be in full force. In either case, Satan's original plan was completely scrapped and messing with Eve in the garden makes sense. On the rest of it...what does Satan gain by trying to re-implement his plan by overlaying it on top of Christ's plan? None that I can see. Now his whole effort is either in subverting Christ's plan to prove a point or in subverting it to salvage whatever kingdom he can (or both). Satan isn't trying to create his utopia any more, he's just trying to destroy God's version. The fundamental difference between the common view and my alternate is that in the common view choice exists on this earth and is then taken away; in my alternate the choice never existed--or at least not on this side of the veil. Again, we just don't have enough information to know anything for sure except that Satan wanted to deny us agency. How he intended to do that is anyone's guess; I certainly have no special insight into Satan's thought processes. But I tend to mistrust discussions where only one option is offered because it means that we may have stopped looking carefully at the issue. So I offer a different view primarily to spur discussion and invite contrast. If the opposition doesn't already exist, I sometimes try to create it so that we can choose our beliefs by thought and consideration, not by default--a viewpoint that really annoys some of my quorum and sunday school teachers. I've had a hard time with most of the Mormon apocalyptic literature I've read because it tends to rely so heavily on this police-action idea. All the futures looks pretty much the same--powerful governments oppressing the faithful and no one else. Without denying that such a future is either likely or correct, I'd still like to see versions that question the common assumption and offer alternate possibilities. If enough different possibilities are offered, we have a better chance of preparing ourselves against any eventuality. I'm about 160 pages into Linda Adams' apocalyptic novel and quite enjoying it (book one of her Prodigal Journey series). She has many of the trappings of a traditional oppressive future but she also has a sense of expanded choice as well, and that's made the story far more interesting for me as an individual reader. I make no general comments on the novel yet; there are still over 350 pages to read and she may yet go south on me. But I'm enjoying it so far as a more complex picture of the end days than I've seen yet. I'll post my take on it in a review on this List when I finish it. I will say this, though: Linda writes a much better sentence and tells a far more interesting scene than most LDS writers I've read in the genre; she already gets high marks for writing a book that I find hard to put down. (Sorry, Linda, for taking so long to read it. Frankly, it's a combination of size--well over five hundred pages--and the fact that I've been so disappointed by past efforts from other authors. It sat on my nightstand for a year before I read every other book in the pile. Now I wish I had read it earlier. Remember--Mormons believe in repentence and forgiveness. ) Anyway, this post is long and I can't think of a clever way to end it so I'll just stop. Scott Parkin - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2002 18:39:18 -0600 From: "Jacob Proffitt" Subject: RE: [AML] Satan Figures - ---Original Message From: Annette Lyon > > From what > we know, it looks like Lucifer didn't really "get" the plan > at all. If he had, he wouldn't have bothered to tempt Adam > and Eve, and instead would have let them sit in the garden > forever, much like Scott is proposing Lucifer would have > wanted us to. *That* would have messed up the plan. Not necessarily. From what I can tell, Adam and Eve had a decision to make--a choice between "don't eat the fruit" and "multiply and replenish" (live forever or have children). Temptation by Satan isn't the only way that can happen--all it really takes is agency and a decision. I sometimes wonder (deep speculation mode) if other worlds don't have more of an advisor than a Satan--someone who explains things rather than advocating actions. Assuming that Satan is aware of how things could go (if, for example, it had already been done on other worlds), then his goal isn't to keep them from eating the fruit (a purely defensive action that could fall apart at literally any time). I'd guess that he'd much rather do as much damage as he can in the process, instead. Like by making sure he approached Adam and Eve separately and getting them to act unilaterally instead of jointly. Get a rift going between the sexes early. That'd be *much* more attractive to him, I'd imagine. Jacob Proffitt - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2002 23:55:29 -0700 From: "R Seagle" Subject: Re [AML] Satan figures Eric Samuelsen wrote: Here's how I think the Council in Heaven worked. (My model requires that = we accept pre-Adamic death.) Lucifer said, 'look at all the other = species we've created. They live by instinct. They fulfill the measure = of their being by killing and being killed, and by eating and being = eaten. They are all intelligences, and they all have spirits, the world = is a marvelous place. Man is another creature, as they are. Let him = live as all creatures live.' And Elohim said, "it won't work. The = intelligences we are about to form into the spirits of men and women = can't live like that. They are intelligent in different ways. They = must have agency. They must be capable of making choices, moral = choices, as we are. Some will be lost, to be sure. But their future = growth depends on it.' =20 Here's another thought. If Satan was a liar from the beginning, then = isn't his promise that not one soul would be lost a lie? Did he really = even have a plan? Or was it so much propaganda aimed at helping him = supplant God? That was his ultimate goal, right? I don't think he = wanted to share the crown. This is my idea of the Council in Heaven. Lucifer wanted God's throne, = and being the politician that he is, he told the people what they wanted = to hear. Elect me and I'll make sure not one soul is lost. He gives no = detail for his plan, how he will accomplish it or what the personal cost = will be because it is a lie. There was no plan. (Sound familiar?) In another thread on this subject, and I'm going to have to paraphrase = here, someone wrote that a third of God's children elected to follow = Lucifer because they were afraid. They wanted to return to God, and so = great was their fear of failure, they were willing to suffer the lash or = force in order to guarantee their success. I have a hard time believing their motivation was fear of not being able = to return to God. In fact, they came out in open rebellion to him and = his plan. By choosing Satan, they, in effect said, "We don't want you = for our God. We now chose Lucifer for our God." Ironically, that's = exactly what they got. =20 I think this is why, for my money, the best villain/ demon/ antagonists = are the intimate enemies. Your protagonist never even sees the knife = until it's sticking out of his/her back. I've been lurking in the background since I joined the AML list a few = months ago, but this thread really pulled me in. =20 Rebecca Seagle - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2002 10:31:17 -0500 From: "Preston" Subject: [AML] _Handcart_ (Film) Premiere Kels Goodman has confirmed his previous announcement that the release of his historical epic film "Handcart" will be pushed back from the previously announced date of July 24th. The film will probably be released in August, possibly August 30th. The editing has been completed, and the only thing the filmmakers are working on now is the sound mix, but that should be done by July 24th. The only reason the release was delayed beyond July 24th is that the calender of big studio releases was so busy this year, the theaters have asked the "smaller", independent films to wait until after the busy summer season. Kels has stated there WILL still be a screening of "Handcart" on July 23rd, as part of what will essentially be a wrap party -- complete with entertainment, refreshments, etc. Preston Hunter, ldsfilm.com - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2002 13:47:09 -0600 From: Christopher Bigelow Subject: RE: [AML] AML's PayPal Services Hey, those link addresses came through broken. I just joined them again below, but maybe they will break again? Jonathan? [MOD: Here's an attempt to resend. I've tried to take out the line breaks. We'll see if it works.] Full AML membership, $25. This includes 4 issues of Irreantum, a copy of the book-length AML Annual, and discounted preregistration to AML events. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=AML+annual+dues&amount=25.00 Irreantum-only subscription, $16. For those who don't want full AML membership but want to receive 4 issues of Irreantum, click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=Irreantum+subscription&amount=16.00 Irreantum sample copy, $5. Unless you specify a specific issue, you will receive the current issue. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=Irreantum+sample+copy&amount=5.00 AML donations. Tax deductible! Your donations help us defray the costs of running AML-List and other services. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=irreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=AML+donation Questions? E-mail us at irreantum2@cs.com. Chris Bigelow - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature - ------_=_NextPart_001_01C222CA.6AE7F5C0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable RE: [AML] AML's PayPal Services

Hey, those link addresses came through broken. I just = joined them again below, but maybe they will break again? Jonathan? =

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- ------_=_NextPart_001_01C222CA.6AE7F5C0-- - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2002 16:09:07 -0500 From: Linda Adams Subject: Re: [AML] Satan Figures Thank you, Scott! I'm glad to hear you're finally reading it, *and* that you're sorry you waited. I understand your hesitation and forgive the delay. If I were you, I'd be leery of struggling through a 500-page LDS apocalyptic novel, too. (But--voila!--it is not a struggle after all? I'm glad to hear that.) There *is* an unfortunate precedent that such books are often poorly written, sensational, and illogical (not to mention frequently self-published and in sore need of editing and proofreading...). But that's a major reason I wrote the thing in the first place: to fix that problem and write something actually interesting and realistic. (And, I hope, well-written.) I look forward to your review, good or bad. You've gotten through more of these apocalyptic books than I myself can stomach (I could barely stand flipping through _Ephraim's Seed_ in the bookstore, which you reviewed on AML-List), so I can trust your judgment on how mine compares to the rest. I did try to steer clear of torture-the-righteous scenarios that have zero foundation in logic. There are, I believe, some "cheesy" parts in there anyway, perhaps including my own Satan figure, but where there is oppression it has a logical, human reason. Scott is at the part my "tender" LDS readers call the "hard" part. I took them places they didn't want to go. [There is a sadistic part of me that enjoys that. I also enjoy knowing I've caused people to lose incredible amounts of sleep. I lost enough myself, writing it. Payback!] Linda Adams - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2002 16:50:58 -0500 (EST) From: bwoodwor Subject: [AML] Seeking B. Udall Panel Participants Hi, If anyone on this list might be interested in forming with me a panel on Brady Udall's writing for the 2002 AML conference, please email me. Thanks, Brad Woodworth bwoodwor@indiana.edu - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2002 17:48:48 -0500 From: Ronn Blankenship Subject: [AML] Doc Smith Final Days [MOD: For those who do not know, Marion K. "Doc" Smith (a nickname given after the legendary E.E. "Doc" Smith, of science fiction fame) was a professor of English at BYU, and was a longtime advisor and mentor to the science fiction and fantasy community at BYU, including _The Leading Edge_ magazine and Life, the Universe, and Everything, BYU's ongoing science fiction and fantasy symposium. Like many others, I owe him a great personal debt for the extensive time and attention he showed me, as well as for the community he helped to foster.] Forwarded by request from Steve and Lee Ann Setzer : It is with heavy heart that I relate to you the news that Marion "Doc" Smith, our long time advisor and mentor, is in the final days of his life. He is at home receiving hospice care. He was somewhat sedated, and the doctors feel there is nothing more they can do. Those of you who have worked with Doc for years know more wonderful things about him than I can possibly put in this email. We loved him because he loved us and trusted us with responsibility for the sf community at BYU. Doc has been quite ill for several years now. Two years back my wife Lee Ann and I asked folks for some personal essays, thank you notes, etc. about Doc. I'm sorry we never finished up that project and delivered it. I have several essays, and I will be delivering those to his home today (Doc lives a mile or so from my house). If you have thoughts or words you wish to share at this time, I would be happy to print them off and take them over this week. I am also willing to consider putting together a TLE/LTUE "Book of Doc" from these things. Please let folks at The Leading Edge and on the various LDS-related sf and literary mailing lists know. Steve Setzer - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2002 17:12:34 -0600 From: "Cherry Silver" Subject: [AML] re: Call for Papers: Annual AML Conference 2003 I sent out a message inviting topic for papers and panelists for next = years AML Annual Conference on "Directions in Mormon Letters." Please = correct the date. That AML Conference will take place on Saturday, = February 22, 2003. I am pleased already to be hearing from some who have topics to explore. Cherry Silver - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2002 11:10:04 -0600 From: Christopher Bigelow Subject: [AML] New Issue of Irreantum Now available, the AML's spring 2002 Irreantum contains the following. = For ordering information, scroll to the end of this message. CONTENTS AML News Interview: Robert Smith, novelist=20 Novel Excerpt: For Time and All Absurdity, Robert Smith Essays: Serpents in Our Midst: What Brigham City Tells Us about Ourselves, John-Charles Duffy A Response to John-Charles Duffy on Brigham City, Scott R. Parkin Memoir Excerpt: Converting Oneself, Holly Welker Memoir: Dutcher and Me, A. R. Mitchell Stories:=20 Habits, Karen Rosenbaum Room for Solomon, Lisa Torcasso Downing First, Linda Paulson Adams The Salvation of Audrey Johnson, Edward Hogan Harden Times, Susan J. Kroupa Poetry:=20 My Cigarette Vendors, Bessie Soderborg Clark Relief Society Lesson in a Singles Ward, Kevin Peel Metaphors, Leah Bowen Reviews:=20 Bound for Importance, Jeffrey Needle=20 A review of Margaret Blair Young and Darius Aidan Gray's Bound for Canaan=20 "Oh Bear Man of Mine!" Melissa Proffitt=20 A review of Carol Lynch Williams's My Angelica A Fresh-Faced Sequel, Katie Parker=20 A review of Anne Bradshaw's Chamomile Winter A Storyteller with Heart and Humor-Pressed Down and Flowing Over, = Valerie Holladay=20 A review of Kerry Blair's The Heart Only Knows Morality without Clich=E9s, Katie Parker=20 A review of Lisa McKendrick's On a Whim=20 The Elusive Nature of Good and Evil, Jeffrey Needle=20 A review of Marilyn Brown's House on the Sound AML-List Highlights Rameumptom: Empty Temple Bag Stolen from Atop Temple Locker PAYPAL ORDERING LINKS Full AML membership, $25. This includes 4 issues of Irreantum, a copy = of the book-length AML Annual, and discounted preregistration to AML events. = Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=3Dirreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=3D=AML+annual+dues&amount=3D25.00 Irreantum-only subscription, $16. For those who don't want full AML membership but want to receive 4 issues of Irreantum, click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=3Dirreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=3D=Irreantum+subscription&amount=3D16.00 Irreantum sample copy, $5. Unless you specify a specific issue, you = will receive the current issue. Click here:=20 https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=3Dirreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=3D=Irreantum+sample+copy&amount=3D5.00=20 AML donations. Tax deductible! Your donations help us defray the costs = of running AML-List and other services. Click here: https://www.paypal.com/xclick/business=3Dirreantum2%40cs.com&item_name=3D=AML+donation Or mail your order to AML, PO Box 51364, Provo, UT 84605-1364.=20 Visit us at http://www.aml-online.org. - -- AML-List, a mailing list for the discussion of Mormon literature ------------------------------ End of aml-list-digest V1 #761 ******************************